Garshuni
Garshuni
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Garshuni
加尔舒尼 (Garshuni)
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The term Garshuni refers to Arabic texts written in Syriac script.
术语“加尔舒尼”（Garshuni）指的是用叙利亚文字母书写的阿拉伯语文本。
The term Garshuni refers to Arabic texts written in Syriac script. The etymology is unknown: it has been connected with Gershon (Ex 2.22) and therefore to the legend of Moses as the inventor of writing, or to a certain Carsciun. In Levantine Arabic, btaḥkī karšūnī? ‘do you speak Garshuni?’ indicates an exotic, incomprehensible language. The variant Karshuni probably derives from the rendering of a Syriac /g/ in Arabic script. The use of the term has been extended to label other cases of heterography: Armenian, Kurdish, Malayalam, Persian, or Turkish ‘Garshuni’ (E.-Syr. script).
术语加尔舒尼 (Garshuni) 指用叙利亚文 (Syriac) 脚本书写的阿拉伯语 (Arabic) 文本。其词源未知：有人将其与革顺 (Gershon)（出埃及记 (Ex) 2.22）联系起来，因而关联到摩西 (Moses) 作为文字发明者的传说，或者与某个卡尔顺 (Carsciun) 有关。在黎凡特阿拉伯语 (Levantine Arabic) 中，btaḥkī karšūnī?（“你说加尔舒尼语 (Garshuni) 吗？”）指一种异域的、不可理解的语言。变体卡尔舒尼 (Karshuni) 可能源于叙利亚语 (Syriac) /g/ 音在阿拉伯文 (Arabic) 脚本中的转写。该术语的使用已扩展至标示其他异写 (heterography) 案例：亚美尼亚语 (Armenian)、库尔德语 (Kurdish)、马拉雅拉姆语 (Malayalam)、波斯语 (Persian) 或土耳其语 (Turkish)“加尔舒尼”(Garshuni)（东叙利亚文 (E.-Syr.) 脚本）。
Most Garshuni texts are written in Serṭo. Especially Maron. scribes, belonging to a profoundly arabized community, wrote various kinds of Garshuni texts, on various mediums. The earliest dated sample known so far is a historical note written in 1154 in the margins of the Rabbula Gospels, f. 7b. The earliest complete literary texts copied in Garshuni are of the 14th cent. The system was used by E. Syrians too, from the 17th cent. Recording the Arabic language in Syriac script answers ideological rather than practical purposes. The emergence of Garshuni may be explained by the symbolic significance of the traditional alphabet as a device to assert and strengthen cultural identity and the magic and aesthetic virtues attributed to it.
大多数加尔舒尼 (Garshuni) 文本是用塞尔托 (Serṭo) 字体书写的。尤其是属于一个深度阿拉伯化社群的马龙派 (Maron.) 抄写员，在各种载体上书写了各种类型的加尔舒尼 (Garshuni) 文本。迄今为止已知最早的有纪年样本是一份历史注记，写于 1154 年，位于《拉布拉福音书》(Rabbula Gospels) 的页边空白处，f. 7b。用加尔舒尼 (Garshuni) 抄写的最早的完整文学文本属于 14 世纪 (14th cent.)。该系统也从 17 世纪 (17th cent.) 起被东方叙利亚人 (E. Syrians) 使用。用叙利亚文字记录阿拉伯语是出于意识形态而非实用目的。加尔舒尼 (Garshuni) 的出现或许可以通过传统字母的象征意义来解释，即它作为一种确立和加强文化认同的工具，以及被赋予其中的魔法和美学价值。
Garshuni requires a high degree of literacy in Arabic. Classical Arabic diacritics and spelling conventions are commonly used. The correspondence between Syriac graphemes and Arabic phonemes is not always one-to-one, e.g., the Syriac letter g is used for both Arabic gh and j.
加尔舒尼文 (Garshuni) 需要高度的阿拉伯语读写能力。古典阿拉伯语的变音符号和拼写惯例通常会被采用。叙利亚字形与阿拉伯语音位之间的对应关系并非总是一一对应，例如，叙利亚字母 g 同时用于表示阿拉伯语的 gh 和 j。
See Fig. 54.
参见图 54。
References
J. Assfalg, ‘Arabische Handschriften in syrischer Schrift (Karšuni)’, in Grundriss der arabischen Philologie, vol. 1, ed. W. Fischer (1982), 297–302.
, in KLCO , 223.
F. Briquel Chatonnet, ‘De l’intérêt de l’étude du garshouni et des manuscrits écrits selon ce système’, in L’Orient chrétien dans l’empire musulman, ed. G. Gobillot and M.-T. Urvoy (2005), 463–75.
F. del Río Sánchez, ‘El árabe karshūnī come preservación de la identidad siríaca’, in Lenguas en contacto, ed. P. Bádenas de la Peña et al. (2004), 185–94.
S. K. Samir, ‘La tradition arabe chrétienne: état de la question, problèmes et besoins’, in Premier Congrès International d’études Arabes Chrétiennes (Rome, 1982), 21–120.
Citation
Alessandro Mengozzi. 2011. “Garshuni.” In Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage. Beth Mardutho. https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Garshuni.