al-Zaʿfarān, Dayr
al-Zaʿfarān, Dayr
Header
al-Zaʿfarān, Dayr
扎法兰修道院 (Dayr al-Zaʿfarān)
Body
A Syr. Orth. monastery dedicated to Mar Ḥnonyo (Arab. Ḥanānyā) located outside Mardin, and the seat of the patriarchate from 1293 until after World War I.
一座叙利亚正教 (Syr. Orth.) 修道院，奉献给马尔·赫诺尼奥 (Mar Ḥnonyo)（阿拉伯语 (Arab.) 哈纳尼亚 (Ḥanānyā)），位于马尔丁 (Mardin) 城外，自 1293 年至第一次世界大战 (World War I) 后为宗主教座所在地。
A Syr. Orth. monastery dedicated to Mar Ḥnonyo (Arab. Ḥanānyā) located outside Mardin , and the seat of the patriarchate from 1293 until after World War I. The date of its construction is not known, but it may have been originally dedicated to a certain Mar Shlemon and was at some point associated with Mar Awgen . Tradition states that the chapel was built by Ḥanānyā II (793–816), bp. of Mardin and Kfartut, and for this reason it was later known by his name. From the 14th cent. it became popularly known by kurkmo (Arab. Zaʿfarān ‘saffron’), though the reason for this is not known. It was ruined and renovated over ten times, the most prominent of which was the renovation by Yuḥanon of Mardin (1087/8–1165) that turned it into a monastery appropriate for the seat of the patriarchate. Patr. Michael Rabo was the first to be consecrated there in 1166 and to make it a patriarchal seat, though he did not reside there for most of his tenure, and after some time it reverted to a bishopric seat. In 1293, Patr. Ignatius b. Wahib (who shared the title with two other patriarchs, Michael in Sīs and Constantine in Malatya) made it his seat, and it remained a patriarchal seat until Patr. Eliya III who was forced to vacate it by the authorities in the aftermath of the Sayfo massacres. Its library (mostly now in the Church of the Forty Martyrs in Mardin) housed 350 mss. at the turn of the 20th cent. Patr. Peṭros III/IV and ʿAbdullāh II brought two printing presses in 1881 and 1889 from England, and in 1911 a new set of types were obtained by Afram Barsoum (then a monk at the monastery) who financed the operation himself. Its most prominent bp. in the 20th cent. was Dolabani who organized its library. After Dolabani it remained without a bp. (but still a seat of a diocese) until the consecration of Bp. Saliba Özmen in 2003. It is now home to two monks and a few dozen local students and is a formal tourist attraction with thousands of Turkish tourists visiting every year.
一座献给圣哈尼奥 (Mar Ḥnonyo)（阿拉伯 语 (Arab.) Ḥanānyā）的叙利亚东方正统教会 (Syr. Orth.) 修道院，位于马尔丁 (Mardin) 城外，自 1293 年至第一次世界大战 (World War I) 后不久期间为宗主教区 (patriarchate) 驻地。其建造日期不详，但最初可能是献给某位圣什莱蒙 (Mar Shlemon) 的，并在某个时期与圣奥根 (Mar Awgen) 有关联。传统认为，该教堂由马尔丁 (Mardin) 和法尔图特 (Kfartut) 主教 (bp.) 哈纳尼亚二世 (Ḥanānyā II)（793–816 年）建造，因此后来以他的名字命名。从 14 世纪 (14th cent.) 起，它被通俗地称为 kurkmo（阿拉伯 语 (Arab.) Zaʿfarān，意为“藏红花”），尽管原因不明。它曾损毁并重建过十多次，其中最著名的是马尔丁 (Mardin) 的尤哈农 (Yuḥanon)（1087/8–1165 年）主持的重建，使其成为适合宗主教区 (patriarchate) 驻地的修道院。宗主教 (Patr.) 米迦勒拉博 (Michael Rabo) 是 1166 年首位在此祝圣并将其定为宗主教驻地的人，尽管他在任期内大部分时间并未居住于此，一段时间后它又恢复为主教区 (bishopric) 驻地。1293 年，宗主教 (Patr.) 伊格纳提乌斯·本·瓦希布 (Ignatius b. Wahib)（与另外两位宗主教共享此头衔，即西斯 (Sīs) 的米迦勒 (Michael) 和马拉蒂亚 (Malatya) 的康斯坦丁 (Constantine)）将其作为驻地，此后它一直保持宗主教驻地地位，直到宗主教 (Patr.) 伊利雅三世 (Eliya III) 在赛福大屠杀 (Sayfo massacres) 后被当局被迫撤离。其图书馆（现大部分藏品位于马尔丁 (Mardin) 的四十殉道者教堂 (Church of the Forty Martyrs)）在 20 世纪 (20th cent.) 之交收藏有 350 份手稿 (mss.)。宗主教 (Patr.) 佩特罗斯三世/四世 (Peṭros III/IV) 和阿卜杜拉二世 (ʿAbdullāh II) 于 1881 年和 1889 年从英国 (England) 引进两台印刷机，1911 年，阿夫拉姆·巴尔苏姆 (Afram Barsoum)（当时为该修道院修士）自费购置了一套新字模。20 世纪 (20th cent.) 其最著名的主教 (bp.) 是多拉巴尼 (Dolabani)，他整理了该图书馆。多拉巴尼 (Dolabani) 之后，该地一直未有主教 (bp.)（但仍为教区驻地），直到 2003 年主教 (Bp.) 萨利巴·厄兹门 (Saliba Özmen) 祝圣。如今这里居住着两名修士和几十名当地学生，是一个正式的旅游景点，每年有数千名土耳其 (Turkish) 游客前来参观。
See Fig. 129c, 130c, and 131c.
参见图 129c、130c 和 131c。
References
I. Armalah, Lamḥa taʾrīkhiyya fī adyār mārdīn (Beirut, 1909). (an historical tract on the monasteries of Mardin)
Afram Barsoum (trans. M. Moosa), History of the Zaʿfaraan Monastery (2009).
Citation
George A. Kiraz. 2011. “al-Zaʿfarān, Dayr.” In Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage. Beth Mardutho. https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/al-Zafaran-Dayr.