Bahdeidat
Bahdeidat
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Bahdeidat
巴赫德达特 (Bahdeidat)
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Village located 12 km. northeast of Jbeil (Giblet or Byblos), 47 km. from Beirut; site of famous church of Mar Tadros.
位于朱拜勒 (Jbeil)（吉布莱特 (Giblet) 或 毕布罗斯 (Byblos)）东北 12 公里处的村庄，距贝鲁特 (Beirut) 47 公里；著名的马尔·塔德罗斯 (Mar Tadros) 教堂所在地。
Bahdeidat is 12 km. northeast of Jbeil (Giblet or Byblos), 47 km. from Beirut , 550 m. above sea level. The small church of Mar Tadros, which is nowadays Maronite, is built as a single barrel-vaulted nave with a wide, protruding porch open at the west end. It measures ca. 13x8 m. without the porch.
巴赫代达特 (Bahdeidat) 位于朱拜勒 (Jbeil) [吉布莱特 (Giblet) 或 比布鲁斯 (Byblos)] 东北 12 公里处，距贝鲁特 (Beirut) 47 公里，海拔 550 米。马尔·塔德罗斯 (Mar Tadros) 小教堂现今为马龙派 (Maronite)，建为单筒拱顶中殿，带有西侧开敞的宽阔突出门廊。不含门廊，其尺寸约为 13x8 米。
The east end is covered with a coherent program of wall paintings spilling over to the northern and southern walls of the nave. In the semi-dome is the Enthroned Christ in Majesty, with the Cherubim and Seraphim on either side, waving standards that give the words of the Trisagion. Behind the throne are the four beasts of the Apocalypse, the man (Matthew), the lion (Mark), the bull (Luke) and the eagle (John). Behind these are the standing figures of Mary and John the Baptist, their hands held out in supplication. The twelve apostles stand below this Vision, with the prophet Daniel at the northern end of the row and St. Stephen on the south.
东端覆盖着一套连贯的壁画规划，延伸至中殿的北墙和南墙。半穹顶中是宝座上的威严基督 (Christ in Majesty)，两侧各有基路伯 (Cherubim) 和撒拉弗 (Seraphim)，挥舞着旗帜，上面写着三圣颂 (Trisagion) 的词句。宝座后方是启示录四活物 (Four Beasts of the Apocalypse)，即人（马太 (Matthew)）、狮子（马可 (Mark)）、牛（路加 (Luke)）和鹰（约翰 (John)）。在这些形象后方是站立的玛利亚 (Mary) 和施洗约翰 (John the Baptist) 像，他们伸出手呈祈求姿态。十二使徒站在此异象 (Vision) 下方，先知但以理 (Daniel) 位于这一排北端，圣司提反 (St. Stephen) 位于南端。
The triumphal arch shows the Christ Emmanuel, between the Sacrifice of Isaac on the north and Moses Receiving the Tablets of the Law on the south. Below them are Mary and Gabriel of the Annunciation.
凯旋门描绘了基督以马内利 (Christ Emmanuel)，位于北侧的以撒 (Isaac) 的献祭与南侧的摩西 (Moses) 领受法版之间。下方是天使报喜 (Annunciation) 中的马利亚 (Mary) 和加百列 (Gabriel)。
On the nave walls, on either side of the apse, is the equestrian knight St. Theodore spearing a dragon and the riding St. George, bearing the small water-carrier behind him. Both the equestrian knights are shown with donor portraits beneath the horses.
在中殿墙壁上，后殿两侧，绘有刺龙的骑马骑士圣狄奥多雷 (St. Theodore) 以及骑在马上的圣乔治 (St. George)，后者身后带着一名小汲水者。两位骑马骑士的马匹下方均绘有供养人肖像。
All the wall paintings are inscribed in a mixture of Serṭo and Esṭrangela.
所有壁画均混合使用塞尔托体 (Serṭo) 和埃斯特兰格拉体 (Esṭrangela) 题写。
These wall paintings represent the only comprehensive series of paintings executed by one workshop to have survived in Lebanon. In style they closely resemble the paintings of a church in the nearby village of Maʿad . According to a ms. in Dayr al-Shife, not far from Bahdeidat, a Syr. Orth. priest called Naʿman was ordained in Bahdeidat in 1256. This 13th-cent. date accords with the style of the paintings in both Bahdeidat and Maʿad and they belong to the Syr. Orth. tradition of painting, like the paintings of Dayr Mār Mūsā al-Ḥabashī . At some point after the 13th cent. the church would have passed from the Syr. Orth. to the Maronites.
这些壁画代表了黎巴嫩 (Lebanon) 现存唯一的由一个工坊绘制完成的综合系列壁画。在风格上，它们与附近马阿德 (Maʿad) 村一座教堂的壁画非常相似。根据距巴赫代达特 (Bahdeidat) 不远处的代尔舒菲修道院 (Dayr al-Shife) 所藏的一份手稿 (ms.) 记载，一位名叫纳曼 (Naʿman) 的叙利亚正教 (Syr. Orth.) 神父于 1256 年在巴赫代达特 (Bahdeidat) 受祝圣。这一 13 世纪 (13th-cent.) 的日期与巴赫代达特 (Bahdeidat) 和马阿德 (Maʿad) 两处壁画风格相符，它们都属于叙利亚正教 (Syr. Orth.) 绘画传统，类似于圣摩西阿比西尼亚修道院 (Dayr Mār Mūsā al-Ḥabashī) 的壁画。在 13 世纪 (13th cent.) 之后的某个时期，这座教堂从叙利亚正教 (Syr. Orth.) 转归马龙派 (Maronites) 所有。
See Fig. 16 and 17.
见图 16 和 17。
References
E. Cruikshank Dodd, Medieval Painting in the Lebanon (2004), 338–60.
N. Helou, La fresque (I) dans les anciennes églises du Liban. Régions de Jbeil et Batroun (2007).
eadem, ‘La répresentation de la Déisis-Vision dans deux églises du Liban’, ParOr 23 (1998), 35–59.
M. Immerzeel, ‘Divine cavalry. Mounted saints in Middle Eastern Christian art’, in East and West in the Crusader States. Context — contacts — confrontations,vol. 3, ed. K. Ciggaar and H. Teule (OLA 125; 2003), 265–86.
, ‘Holy horsemen and crusader banners. Equestrian saints in wall paintings in Lebanon and Syria’, ECA 1 (2004), 29–60.
J. Lauffray, ‘Forums et monuments de Béryte, II: Le niveau médiéval’, Bulletin du Musée de Beyrouth 7 (1946–48), 1–16.
L. Nordiguian and J.-C. Voisin, Châteaux et églises du moyen âge au Liban (1999), 367–8.
Y. Sader, Painted Churches and Rock-Cut Chapels of Lebanon (1997), 65–100.
M. Tallon, ‘Une église à peintures célèbre au Liban, Mar Tadros de Bahdeidat’, Annales d’histoire et d’archéologie 7 (1996), 45–67.
Citation
Erica Cruikshank Dodd. 2011. “Bahdeidat.” In Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage. Beth Mardutho. https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Bahdeidat.