Barṣawmo
Barṣawmo
Header
Barṣawmo (d. ca. 458) [Syr. Orth.]
巴尔扫摩 (Barṣawmo) （卒于约 458 年）[叙利亚东方正统教会 (Syr. Orth.)]
Body
Monk and abbot.
修士与院长。
Monk and abbot. Barṣawmo was a supporter of Dioscorus of Alexandria. In 449, invited by Emperor Theodosius II, he attended the Council of Ephesus, which accepted a profession of faith by Eutyches . Two years later, Barṣawmo also was present at the Council of Chalcedon, which rejected Eutyches’s views and deposed Dioscorus. Barṣawmo expressed his strong opposition to the decisions of this council and remained opposed to the council for the rest of his life. It is explicitly stated that Barṣawmo spoke Syriac in both councils and that his words were translated into Greek.
修士兼院长。巴尔扫摩 (Barṣawmo) 是亚历山大的狄奥斯库若 (Dioscorus of Alexandria) 的支持者。449 年，应狄奥多西二世皇帝 (Emperor Theodosius II) 之邀，他参加了以弗所公会议 (Council of Ephesus)，该会议接受了优迪克 (Eutyches) 的信仰宣言。两年后，巴尔扫摩 (Barṣawmo) 也出席了迦克墩公会议 (Council of Chalcedon)，该会议拒绝了优迪克 (Eutyches) 的观点并废黜了狄奥斯库若 (Dioscorus)。巴尔扫摩 (Barṣawmo) 表达了对该会议决定的强烈反对，并在余生中一直反对该会议。有明确记载表明，巴尔扫摩 (Barṣawmo) 在这两次会议中都说叙利亚语 (Syriac)，且他的话语被翻译成了希腊语 (Greek)。
Aside from his brief appearance at these two councils, recorded in the Greek Acts of the Council of Chalcedon and in the Syriac Acts of the Council of Ephesus, no further contemporary evidence on Barṣawmo exists. Around the middle of the 6th cent., however, a Syriac Life was composed, which situates Barṣawmo’s birth in the region of Samosata and details his many travels to Jerusalem , Petra, the Sinai, and Cyprus. Barṣawmo is portrayed as an energetic monk, converting non-Christians and fighting against Jews and pagans. The historical value of this Life, preserved in three incomplete mss. (the earliest from the 11th cent.), is doubtful. In his Chronicle, Michael Rabo , who was abbot in the monastery named after Barṣawmo (see Dayro d-Mor Barṣawmo ), fails to record many of the data provided in the Life.
除了在两次大公会议上的短暂露面（记录于《卡尔西顿大公会议希腊会议录》(Greek Acts of the Council of Chalcedon) 和《以弗所大公会议叙利亚会议录》(Syriac Acts of the Council of Ephesus)）之外，尚无关于巴尔扫摩 (Barṣawmo) 的更多同时代证据。然而，在 6 世纪 (6th cent.) 中叶左右，一部叙利亚语传记 (Syriac Life) 被撰写出来，其中将巴尔扫摩 (Barṣawmo) 的出生地定位于萨莫萨塔 (Samosata) 地区，并详述了他前往耶路撒冷 (Jerusalem)、佩特拉 (Petra)、西奈 (Sinai) 和塞浦路斯 (Cyprus) 的多次旅行。巴尔扫摩 (Barṣawmo) 被描绘为一位精力充沛的修士，使非基督徒皈依，并与犹太人和异教徒斗争。这部传记 (Life) 的历史价值值得怀疑，它保存于三份不完整的手稿 (mss.) 中（最早的一份来自 11 世纪 (11th cent.)）。在其《编年史》(Chronicle) 中，米海尔·拉博 (Michael Rabo)（他曾担任以巴尔扫摩 (Barṣawmo) 命名的修道院的院长，参见圣巴尔扫摩修道院 (Dayro d-Mor Barṣawmo)）未能记录传记 (Life) 中提供的许多数据。
Despite his acceptance of Eutyches, whose legacy was later rejected by the Syr. Orth. Church, Barṣawmo became a popular saint. He gave his name to the famous Monastery of Barṣawmo, near Melitene . Barṣawmo’s fame also spread to the Coptic and Ethiopian churches.
尽管他接受优提克斯 (Eutyches)，其遗产后来被叙利亚东方正统教会 (Syr. Orth. Church) 所拒绝，但巴尔扫摩 (Barṣawmo) 成为了一位广受尊崇的圣人。他以自己的名字命名了位于梅利提尼 (Melitene) 附近的著名的巴尔扫摩修道院 (Monastery of Barṣawmo)。巴尔扫摩 (Barṣawmo) 的声名也传播到了科普特教会 (Coptic) 和埃塞俄比亚教会 (Ethiopian)。
Barṣawmo is depicted in an illuminated ms. of the Ḥarqlean Gospels (dated 1054) that once belonged to the Monastery of Barṣawmo and later was in the possession of the Syr. Orth. patriarchal library at Ḥimṣ . He is also portrayed in Coptic wall paintings in the Monastery of Baramus and in the Monastery of St. Antony. In the latter he holds an open scroll, which is inscribed partly in Syriac and partly in Coptic.
巴尔绍莫 (Barṣawmo) 的形象出现在一部《哈克连福音书》(Ḥarqlean Gospels) 的彩绘手稿 (ms.) 中（标注日期为 1054 年），该手稿曾属于巴尔绍莫修道院 (Monastery of Barṣawmo)，后来归霍姆斯 (Ḥimṣ) 的叙利亚正教 (Syr. Orth.) 牧首图书馆所有。他也出现在巴拉穆斯修道院 (Monastery of Baramus) 和圣安东尼修道院 (Monastery of St. Antony) 的科普特 (Coptic) 壁画中。在后者中，他手持展开的卷轴，上面部分用叙利亚文 (Syriac) 书写，部分用科普特文 (Coptic) 书写。
See Fig. 19.
参见图 19。
References
Fiey, Saints syriaques, 49–50.
S. Grébaut, ‘Vie de Barsoma le Syrien’, ROC 13 (1908), 337–45; 14 (1909), 135–42; 264–75; 401–16. (Ethiopic with FT)
E. Honigmann, Le couvent de Barṣauma et le patriarcat jacobite d’Antioche et de Syrie (CSCO 146; 1967), 6–23.
H. Kaufhold, ‘Notizen zur späten Geschichte des Barṣaumô-Klosters’, Hugoye 3.2 (2000).
J. Leroy, Les manuscrits syriaques à peintures conservés dans les bibliothèques d’Europe et d’Orient. Contribution à l’étude de l’iconographie des églises de langue syriaque (1964), 226; Album, pl. 52,2.
P. van Moorsel, Les peintures du Monastère de Saint-Antoine près de la Mer Rouge (La peinture murale chez les Coptes III; 1995), 130–1, pl. 67–8.
F. Nau, ‘Résumé de monographies syriaques’, ROC18 (1913), 270–76, 379–89; 19 (1914), 113–34, 278–89.
, ‘Deux épisodes de l’histoire juive sous Théodose II d’après la vie de Barsauma le Syrien’, Revue des études juives 93 (1927), 184–206.
B. A. Pearson, ‘The Coptic inscriptions in the Church of St. Antony’, in Monastic Visions. Wall paintings in the Monastery of St. Antony at the Red Sea, ed. E. S. Bolman (2002), 222–223.
Citation
Lucas Van Rompay. 2011. “Barṣawmo.” In Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage. Beth Mardutho. https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Barsawmo.