Mushe bar Kipho
Mushe bar Kipho
Header
Mushe bar Kipho (d. 903) [Syr. Orth.]
穆谢·巴尔·基福 (Mushe bar Kipho) (卒于 903 年) [叙利亚正教会 (Syr. Orth.)]
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Bp. of Beth Raman (north of Tagrit on the Tigris), and writer.
贝特拉曼 (Beth Raman) 主教 (Bp.)（位于底格里斯河 (Tigris) 畔塔格里特 (Tagrit) 以北），兼著述家。
Bp. of Beth Raman (north of Tagrit on the Tigris), and writer. Almost all that is known about him comes from a short anonymous biography (in two recensions, BHO 779–80) transmitted with his works. According to this, he was born in the town of Balad (modern Eski Mosul) and entered the Monastery of Mar Sargis on the ‘Dry Mountain’ (that is, Buṭmān, 15 km. northeast of Balad on the west bank of the Tigris). He became a monk at age twenty, then ten years later, bp., taking the name Severos. His diocese of Beth Raman was suffragan to the metr. of Tagrit. Other sources add to his diocese variously Beth Kiyonaye (that is, Beth Bawazig or Beth Waziq, a neighbouring town), Beth ʿArbaye , and Mosul . He died on 12 Feb. 903 at the age of seventy (or acc. to other sources, ninety). This date puts his birth in ca. 833 and his consecration as bp. in ca. 863.
贝特拉曼 (Beth Raman) 主教 (bp.)（位于底格里斯河 (Tigris) 上塔格里特 (Tagrit) 以北），兼作家。关于他的几乎所有已知信息均源自一篇随其作品流传的简短匿名传记（有两个修订本，BHO 779–80）。据此记载，他出生于巴拉德 (Balad) 镇（今埃斯基摩苏尔 (Eski Mosul)），并进入位于“干山”(Dry Mountain) 的圣塞尔吉斯 (Mar Sargis) 修道院（即布特曼 (Buṭmān)，位于巴拉德 (Balad) 东北 15 公里 (km.) 处，底格里斯河 (Tigris) 西岸）。他二十岁时成为修士，十年后成为主教 (bp.)，取名塞维鲁斯 (Severos)。他的贝特拉曼 (Beth Raman) 教区隶属于塔格里特 (Tagrit) 都主教 (metr.)。其他资料为其教区补充了不同的地点，包括贝特基奥纳耶 (Beth Kiyonaye)（即贝特巴瓦齐格 (Beth Bawazig) 或贝特瓦齐格 (Beth Waziq)，邻近城镇）、贝特阿拉贝 (Beth ʿArbaye) 和摩苏尔 (Mosul)。他于 903 年 2 月 (Feb.) 12 日去世，享年七十岁（或据 (acc.) 其他资料，九十岁）。此日期表明他出生于约 (ca.) 833 年，并于约 (ca.) 863 年祝圣为主教 (bp.)。
Mushe’s writings cover a wider area of biblical exegesis, traditional theology, and liturgy than any previous Syriac writer had attempted to span. Perhaps he was aiming at a summa that would defend the Christian religion within the Muslim world. His works are characterized by divisions into short ‘chapters’ or other sections, treating specific points in a formulaic way, often by question and answer. Mushe is regarded as one of the great scholars of the Syr. Orth. Church. This scholarship was, however, largely a matter of compiling excerpts from sources, and modern studies of his works have generally been concerned with the analysis of these sources. They included E.-Syr. ones, which is not so surprising given that Mushe’s career was spent on the E. edge of Syr. Orth. territory.
穆谢 (Mushe) 的著作涵盖了圣经诠释、传统神学和礼仪领域，其范围之广是任何之前的叙利亚语作家所未曾尝试的。也许他旨在编写一部大全 (summa)，以便在穆斯林世界中捍卫基督教信仰。他的作品特点是分为短的“章”或其他部分，以公式化的方式处理特定要点，通常采用问答形式。穆谢 (Mushe) 被视为叙利亚正教会 (Syr. Orth. Church) 的伟大学者之一。然而，这种学术成就很大程度上是对来源摘录的汇编，现代对其作品的研究通常侧重于分析这些来源。其中包括东方叙利亚语 (E.-Syr.) 的文献，考虑到穆谢 (Mushe) 的职业生涯是在叙利亚正教 (Syr. Orth.) 辖区的东缘度过的，这也就不足为奇了。
References
Only the main editions and translations are listed. For others, and for mss., see Reller, 60–76, and Graf, GCAL, vol. 2, 229–33 (for the considerable ms. tradition in Arabic).
Commentaries on the Bible: on the six-day creation (ed. L. Schlimme, 1977 with GT), on Paradise (LT by A. Masius, 1569 = Migne, PG 11, 481–608), on the Psalms (ed. J.-M. Vosté, 1929, with FT); commentaries on Matt. and Luke (part only surviving of Matt., neither yet published), on John (ed. L. Schlimme, 1978 with GT), and on the Pauline epistles (ed. J. Reller, 1994, with GT).
Theology: on the soul (GT by O. Braun, 1891); on the resurrection, on the creation of angels, on the heavenly hierarchy, on free will (none edited).
Liturgy: commentaries on the eucharist (ed. R. H. Connolly and H. W. Codrington, 1913, with ET), on the consecration of the chrism (ed. W. Strothmann, 1973, with GT), on baptism, on various smaller offices; a Book of homilies consisting of commentaries on the feasts of the ecclesiastical year; a different Book of the causes of the feasts (none of these fully published).
Canons: for scattered canons in his name see A. Vööbus, Kanonessammlungen, I. 1a (1970), 228–9.
Lost works. The biography mentions commentaries on the Pentateuch, historical books, prophets, and Acts; a church history or chronicle; a book against heresies; and a two-part work on Gregory Nazianzen. Bar ʿEbroyo mentions a commentary on Aristotle.
Fiey, Saints syriaques, 144.
J. Reller, Mose bar Kepha und seine Paulinenauslegung (1994). (with comprehensive introduction, translation of the biography, and discussion of earlier literature)
Citation
James F. Coakley. 2011. “Mushe bar Kipho.” In Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage. Beth Mardutho. https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Mushe-bar-Kipho.