叙利亚 (Syria) 卡拉蒙山脉 (Qalamun mountains) 中的一座城镇，位于大马士革 (Damascus) 东北约 (ca.) 95 公里 (km.) 处，纳布克 (Nabk) 以北约 20 公里 (km.) 处，常被提及为霍姆斯 (Ḥimṣ) 与大马士革 (Damascus) 之间的商队驿站。

叙利亚 (Syria) 卡拉蒙山脉 (Qalamun mountains) 中的一座城镇，位于大马士革 (Damascus) 东北约 (ca.) 95 公里 (km.) 处，纳布克 (Nabk) 以北不到 20 公里 (km.) 处（参见圣穆萨·哈巴希修道院 (Dayr Mār Mūsā al-Ḥabashī)），常被提及为霍姆斯 (Ḥimṣ) 与大马士革 (Damascus) 之间的商队驿站。卡拉 (Qara) 的基督教历史可追溯至 5 世纪 (5th cent.)（当时被称为霍纳卡拉 (Chonachara) 或霍诺卡拉 (Chonochara)）。在 5 和 6 世纪 (5th and 6th cent.) 的基督论争论中，它站在卡尔西顿派 (Chalcedonians) 一边。经过一段史料沉默的漫长时期后，卡拉 (Qara) 在 1100 年左右重新出现，仍然是默基特基督教 (Melkite Christianity) 的中心。卡拉 (Qara) 主教 (bp.) 米海尔 (Michael) 见于 12 世纪 (12th cent.) 下半叶的记载，他本人留给我们一份部分前任名单 (Schmidt, 27–9)。穆斯林作者伊本·朱拜尔 (Ibn Jubayr)（曾于 1184 年 7 月访问卡拉 (Qara)）和雅古特 (Yāqūt)（1225 年）报告说，在他们那个时代，卡拉 (Qara) 完全是基督徒居住的。然而，在 1266 年，苏丹拜巴尔 (Sultan Baybars) 在针对十字军 (Crusaders) 和蒙古人 (Mongols) 的进攻中，驱逐或杀害了卡拉 (Qara) 的基督徒，该地随后成为一座穆斯林城镇。在接下来的几十年里，它得以恢复部分基督徒人口，并重建其主教区 (episcopal see)，不晚于约 (ca.) 1400 年。在 15 世纪 (15th cent.) 上半叶，主教 (bp.) 马卡里奥斯 (Makarios) 在圣雅各布修道院 (Dayr Mar Yaʿqub) 建立了一处抄写室 (scriptorium)，其中生产了许多叙利亚语 (Syriac) 和阿拉伯语 (Arabic) 手稿 (mss.)，大多由属于某些有影响家族的主教 (bps.) 和祭司编写。在 17 世纪 (17th cent.)，由于卡拉蒙地区 (Qalamun region) 持续的伊斯兰化，卡拉 (Qara) 主教区 (episcopal see) 失去了独立性，并与赛德纳亚 (Ṣaydnāyā) 合并。圣雅各布修道院 (Monastery of Mar Yaʿqub) 失去了一些早期的声望，于 1759 年被地震摧毁，此后一直是废墟。在 18 世纪 (18th cent.)，卡拉 (Qara) 进入了默基特天主教会 (Melkite-Catholic Church) 的轨道，如今卡拉 (Qara) 人口中少数基督徒大多数属于该教会。

如今，卡拉 (Qara) 拥有两处历史上重要的基督教遗址，两者至今仍在使用。一处是圣塞尔吉乌斯和巴克斯教堂 (Church of Sts. Sergius and Bacchus)；另一处是位于镇外的圣雅各布修道院 (Dayr Mar Yaʿqub)。塞尔吉乌斯和巴克斯教堂 (Church of Sergius and Bacchus) 内保存有部分壁画，其中一些刻有希腊文和叙利亚文埃斯特兰格拉体 (Esṭrangela) 的铭文。教堂北墙上保存着五幅场景的上半部分：哺乳圣母，两侧伴有两位骑马圣徒，即狄奥多雷 (Theodore)（左）和塞尔吉乌斯 (Sergius）（右）；施洗者约翰 (John the Baptist)；以及（痕迹）一位身份不明的女性圣徒。

3. Drafting the Translation (Iterative Process):

   • “Dayr Mar Yaʿqub”: 马尔雅各布修道院 (Dayr Mar Yaʿqub). “Dayr” means monastery. Usually transliterated or translated. Given the context of Syriac studies, “代尔” (Dayr) is common for place names, but “修道院” is clearer. Let’s look at standard conventions. “Dayr Mar Yaʿqub” is often “圣雅各布修道院”. However, the instruction says “place names → Chinese name + (English)”. So “代尔马尔雅各布 (Dayr Mar Yaʿqub)” or “圣雅各布修道院 (Dayr Mar Yaʿqub)”. Let’s use “代尔马尔雅各布修道院 (Dayr Mar Yaʿqub)” to be precise about the name while indicating it’s a monastery. Actually, “Dayr” is often part of the proper name. Let’s translate as “马尔雅各布修道院 (Dayr Mar Yaʿqub)”.

   • “E.-Syr. saint”: 东方叙利亚圣人 (E.-Syr. saint). “E.-Syr.” stands for East Syrian. In Chinese academic context, “东方叙利亚” or “东叙利亚”. Let’s use “东叙利亚 (E.-Syr.)”.

   • “Yaʿqub ‘the mutilated’”: 雅各布 (Yaʿqub)“被切割者”。

   • ”(‘the dissected’, Syr. mpassqā, Arab. muqaṭṭaʿ, or Lat. Intercisus”: （“被解剖者”，叙利亚语 mpassqā，阿拉伯语 muqaṭṭaʿ，或拉丁语 Intercisus）。

   • “cf. Fiey, Saints syriaques, 107–8”: 参见 Fiey, Saints syriaques, 107–8。 (Bibliographic citations → keep entirely in original language).

   • “is first attested with this name in the 15th cent. (Schmidt, 43).”: 首次以该名称见于记载是在 15 世纪 (Schmidt, 43)。

   • Refinement: “Dayr Mar Yaʿqub” -> “代尔马尔雅各布 (Dayr Mar Yaʿqub)”. “dedicated to” -> “奉献给”. “E.-Syr.” -> “东叙利亚 (E.-Syr.)”.

   • Draft: 代尔马尔雅各布 (Dayr Mar Yaʿqub) 奉献给东叙利亚 (E.-Syr.) 圣人雅各布 (Yaʿqub)“被切割者”（“被解剖者”，叙利亚语 mpassqā，阿拉伯语 muqaṭṭaʿ，或拉丁语 Intercisus；参见 Fiey, Saints syriaques, 107–8），首次以该名称见于记载是在 15 世纪 (Schmidt, 43)。

   • Segment 2: “Its main church, however, in all likelihood goes back to the 11th cent.”

     • Draft: 然而，其主教堂很可能追溯至 11 世纪。

   • Segment 3: “After it had fallen into ruins, in the 18th cent., it was neglected for more than two centuries; several of its wall paintings were transferred to the National Museum of Damascus and to the museum of nearby Dayr ʿAtiya.”

     • “fallen into ruins”: 沦为废墟.
     • “in the 18th cent.”: 18 世纪.
     • “neglected”: 被荒废.
     • “National Museum of Damascus”: 大马士革国家博物馆.
     • “Dayr ʿAtiya”: 代尔阿提亚 (Dayr ʿAtiya).
     • Draft: 在 18 世纪沦为废墟后，它被荒废了两个多世纪；其部分壁画被转移至大马士革国家博物馆以及附近的代尔阿提亚 (Dayr ʿAtiya) 博物馆。

   • Segment 4: “It was only in the 1990s that, under the leadership of Sœur Agnès-Maria de la Croix, the monastery with its church was rebuilt and became the home of a community of female ascetics, belonging to the jurisdiction of the Melkite-Catholic bp. of Ḥimṣ, Ḥama, Yabrud, and Qara.”

     • “Sœur Agnès-Maria de la Croix”: 阿涅斯 - 玛丽亚·德·拉·克鲁瓦修女 (Sœur Agnès-Maria de la Croix). “Sœur” is French for Sister.
     • “community of female ascetics”: 女性苦修者团体.
     • “Melkite-Catholic bp.”: 默基特天主教主教 (Melkite-Catholic bp.). “bp.” should be kept as per instruction “academic abbreviations → keep original in parentheses after Chinese equivalent”. So “主教 (bp.)”.
     • “Ḥimṣ, Ḥama, Yabrud, and Qara”: 霍姆斯 (Ḥimṣ)、哈马 (Ḥama)、雅布鲁德 (Yabrud) 和卡拉 (Qara).
     • “jurisdiction”: 管辖范围.
     • Draft: 直到 20 世纪 90 年代，在阿涅斯 - 玛丽亚·德·拉·克鲁瓦修女 (Sœur Agnès-Maria de la Croix) 的领导下，修道院及其教堂才得以重建，并成为女性苦修者团体的家园，该团体隶属于霍姆斯 (Ḥimṣ)、哈马 (Ḥama)、雅布鲁德 (Yabrud) 和卡拉 (Qara) 的默基特天主教主教 (Melkite-Catholic bp.) 管辖。

   • Segment 5: “Within the framework of this rebuilding and restoration project several of the paintings were returned to the monastery.”

     • Draft: 在此重建和修复项目的框架内，部分壁画被归还给修道院。

   • Segment 6: “Together with the newly discovered paintings, they were studied in a monograph by Schmidt and Westphalen (2005).”

     • “monograph”: 专著.
     • “Schmidt and Westphalen (2005)”: 保持原样 (Bibliographic citations → keep entirely in original language). Although this is a reference within text, not a bibliography list. The instruction says “Bibliographic citations → keep entirely in original language (these are marked skip_translation)”. Usually, names in text like “by Schmidt and Westphalen (2005)” should be translated names + original. But specific citation style often keeps names. Let’s look at the rule: “personal names → Chinese name + (English)”. So “Schmidt” -> “施密特 (Schmidt)”, “Westphalen” -> “韦斯特法伦 (Westphalen)”. The year stays.
     • Draft: 与新发现的壁画一起，它们在施密特和韦斯特法伦 (Schmidt and Westphalen) (2005) 的一部专著中得到了研究。
     • Correction on Citation Rule: The instruction says “Bibliographic citations → keep entirely in original language (these are marked skip_translation)”. Usually, parenthetical citations like (Schmidt, 43) are kept original. But “by Schmidt and Westphalen (2005)” is narrative text. However, to be safe and consistent with academic Chinese style regarding foreign names in text: Translate name + (Original). But wait, if it’s considered a citation reference, it might be kept original. Let’s look at the first sentence: “(Schmidt, 43)” was kept original in my draft. The instruction says “Bibliographic citations → keep entirely in original language”. So “(Schmidt, 43)” stays. “by Schmidt and Westphalen (2005)” is borderline. Given the rule “personal names → Chinese name + (English)”, I should translate the names in the narrative flow. But if it’s treated as a citation reference, keep original. Let’s look at the first sentence again: “cf. Fiey, Saints syriaques, 107–8”. I kept that original. “(Schmidt, 43)” I kept original. So “by Schmidt and Westphalen (2005)” should probably be kept original to maintain consistency with the citation style used elsewhere in the text (Schmidt, 43). However, the instruction says “personal names → Chinese name + (English)”. This applies to names like “Sœur Agnès-Maria de la Croix”. Scholar names in citations are often kept original in Chinese academic texts unless it’s a biography. Let’s check the rule again: “Bibliographic citations → keep entirely in original language”. “Schmidt and Westphalen (2005)” functions as a citation. I will keep it original to be safe with the “Bibliographic citations” rule, but translate the surrounding text. Wait, looking at the first sentence: “(Schmidt, 43)” is clearly a citation. “Fiey, Saints syriaques, 107–8” is a citation. “Schmidt and Westphalen (2005)” is also a citation reference. I will keep the names original in this specific context to align with the other citations in the text, as translating scholar names in parenthetical or reference-style mentions is less common in Chinese academic translations of this specific type compared to historical figures. Correction: The rule says “personal names → Chinese name + (English)”. This is a critical rule. It doesn’t exclude scholars. However, “Bibliographic citations → keep entirely in original language”. This creates a conflict. Usually, “(Schmidt, 43)” is a citation. “by Schmidt and Westphalen (2005)” is narrative referencing a work. I will translate the names to follow the “personal names” rule for consistency with “Sœur Agnès-Maria…”, but keep the year and structure. Actually, looking at standard practice for this specific persona (Syriac studies), scholar names in text are often transliterated. Let’s transliterate: 施密特 (Schmidt) 和韦斯特法伦 (Westphalen).
     • Re-evaluation: The prompt says “Bibliographic citations → keep entirely in original language (these are marked skip_translation)”. Since I don’t see explicit skip_translation markers in the input, I must judge. “(Schmidt, 43)” is clearly a citation. “by Schmidt and Westphalen (2005)” refers to a monograph. I will keep the names original here to match the style of “(Schmidt, 43)” in the first sentence, assuming it falls under the citation convention established in the text. Wait, the instruction says “ALWAYS translate proper nouns into Chinese first, then include the original English in parentheses”. This is a “Critical rule”. I should follow the critical rule for names. So “施密特 (Schmidt) 和韦斯特法伦 (Westphalen)”.
     • Wait, looking at the first sentence again: “cf. Fiey, Saints syriaques, 107–8”. I kept this original. “(Schmidt, 43)” I kept original. If I translate Schmidt in the last sentence, it becomes inconsistent. However, the first sentence has “(Schmidt, 43)” which is a parenthetical citation. The last sentence has “by Schmidt and Westphalen (2005)” which is part of the narrative. I will translate the names in the narrative to follow the “personal names” rule, as “Bibliographic citations” usually refers to the parenthetical references or bibliography lists.
     • Decision: Translate names in narrative, keep parenthetical citations original if they look like standard academic refs (Author, Page). But the rule says “personal names → Chinese name + (English)”. I will apply this to Schmidt and Westphalen to be safe with the “Critical rules”.
     • Actually, looking closer at the prompt’s examples: “e.g. “梅尔万的伊肖达德 (Ishoʿdad of Merv)"". This suggests historical figures. For modern scholars, it varies. But to be consistent with the “Critical rules”, I will translate them.
     • Wait, one more check: “Bibliographic citations → keep entirely in original language”. If “Schmidt and Westphalen (2005)” is considered a bibliographic citation within the text, it should be original. Given “(Schmidt, 43)” is original, I will keep “Schmidt and Westphalen (2005)” original to maintain consistency within the document’s citation style. The “personal names” rule likely applies to historical figures and people discussed as subjects, not necessarily every mention in a citation context. I will keep the scholar names original in the citation context to match “(Schmidt, 43)”.
     • Wait, no. The instruction says “ALWAYS translate proper nouns… personal names → Chinese name + (English)”. This is a strong constraint. I will translate them. It’s better to follow the explicit formatting rule for names than to guess the citation style consistency.
     • Revised Decision: I will translate the names “Schmidt” and “Westphalen” because the instruction says “ALWAYS translate proper nouns… personal names”. The “Bibliographic citations” rule likely refers to the title of the work or the full citation string if it were a bibliography entry. But since it’s embedded in text, I’ll follow the name rule.
     • Wait, looking at the first sentence: “(Schmidt, 43)” was kept original in my draft. If I change the last one, it’s inconsistent. Let’s look at the instruction again: “Bibliographic citations → keep entirely in original language (these are marked skip_translation)”. Since the input doesn’t have markers, I have to infer. Usually, (Author, Year) or (Author, Page) are citations. “by Schmidt and Westphalen (2005)” is also a citation. I will keep them original to match the first sentence’s “(Schmidt, 43)”. This seems more professional for academic translation where scholar names in citations are often left untranslated to facilitate lookup.
     • Okay, final decision on scholars: Keep “Schmidt” and “Westphalen” original in the citation context to match “(Schmidt, 43)” and “Fiey, Saints syriaques”. Translate “Sœur Agnès-Maria de la Croix” because she is a historical/subject figure, not just a citation reference.
     • Wait, one more thing: “Dayr Mar Yaʿqub”. “Dayr” is Syriac/Arabic for Monastery. “Mar” is Saint. “Yaʿqub” is Jacob. Should I translate “Dayr Mar Yaʿqub” as “圣雅各布修道院 (Dayr Mar Yaʿqub)”? The rule says “place names → Chinese name + (English)”. “Dayr Mar Yaʿqub” is the name of the place. So “代尔马尔雅各布 (Dayr Mar Yaʿqub)” is a transliteration. “圣雅各布修道院 (Dayr Mar Yaʿqub)” is a translation. Given “Dayr” is often transliterated in Chinese Syriac studies (e.g., 代尔), I will use “代尔马尔雅各布 (Dayr Mar Yaʿqub)”. But adding “修道院” clarifies it. Let’s use “代尔马尔雅各布修道院 (Dayr Mar Yaʿqub)”.
     • “E.-Syr.”: 东叙利亚 (E.-Syr.).
     • “mpassqā”: This is a technical Syriac term. Rule: “Chinese translation + transliterated original in parentheses”. So “切割者 (mpassqā)”.
     • “National Museum of Damascus”: 大马士革国家博物馆.
     • “Melkite-Catholic bp.”: 默基特天主教主教 (Melkite-Catholic bp.).
     • “Ḥimṣ, Ḥama, Yabrud, and Qara”: 霍姆斯 (Ḥimṣ)、哈马 (Ḥama)、雅布鲁德 (Yabrud) 和卡拉 (Qara).

   • Refining Segment 1: 代尔马尔雅各布修道院 (Dayr Mar Yaʿqub) 奉献给东叙利亚 (E.-Syr.) 圣人雅各布 (Yaʿqub)“被切割者”（“被解剖者”，叙利亚语 mpassqā，阿拉伯语 muqaṭṭaʿ，或拉丁语 Intercisus；参见 Fiey, Saints syriaques, 107–8），首次以该名称见于记载是在 15 世纪 (Schmidt, 43)。 Correction: “mpassqā” is a technical Syriac term. Rule: “Chinese translation + transliterated original in parentheses”. The text has “Syr. mpassqā”. I should ensure the Chinese translation is there. “叙利亚语‘切割者’ (mpassqā)”. Revised Segment 1: 代尔马尔雅各布修道院 (Dayr Mar Yaʿqub) 奉献给东叙利亚 (E.-Syr.) 圣人雅各布 (Yaʿqub)“被切割者”（“被解剖者”，叙利亚语“切割者” (mpassqā)，阿拉伯语 muqaṭṭaʿ，或拉丁语 Intercisus；参见 Fiey, Saints syriaques, 107–8），首次以该名称见于记载是在 15 世纪 (Schmidt, 43)。 Wait, the source says: ”(‘the dissected’, Syr. mpassqā, Arab. muqaṭṭaʿ, or Lat. Intercisus”. It lists equivalents. I should translate the explanatory text. “叙利亚语 mpassqā” -> “叙利亚语‘切割者’ (mpassqā)”. Actually, looking at the source: “Syr. mpassqā”. It implies the word means ‘dissected’. I will translate as: 叙利亚语 mpassqā (意为“切割者”). Or follow the rule: “Chinese translation + transliterated original”. So “切割者 (mpassqā)”. Let’s try to fit it smoothly: （“被解剖者”，叙利亚语 切割者 (mpassqā)，阿拉伯语 muqaṭṭaʿ，或拉丁语 Intercisus…）. Wait, Arab. muqaṭṭaʿ also needs translation? It’s Arabic. The rule says “For technical Syriac terms…”. Arabic terms might just be transliterated/translated. I will translate the meaning for consistency. “被切割者” (muqaṭṭaʿ). Let’s stick closer to the source structure but ensure Chinese clarity. （“被解剖者”，叙利亚语 切割者 (mpassqā)，阿拉伯语 被切割者 (muqaṭṭaʿ)，或拉丁语 Intercisus…）. Actually, keeping the original terms in italics as per source is good, but adding Chinese meaning is better for the target audience. Simpler approach: （“被解剖者”，叙利亚语 mpassqā，阿拉伯语 muqaṭṭaʿ，或拉丁语 Intercisus…）. The source provides the terms. The rule says “For technical Syriac terms, provide Chinese translation + transliterated original”. mpassqā is Syriac. So “切割者 (mpassqā)”. Okay, let’s finalize Segment 1: 代尔马尔雅各布修道院 (Dayr Mar Yaʿqub) 奉献给东叙利亚 (E.-Syr.) 圣人雅各布 (Yaʿqub)“被切割者”（“被解剖者”，叙利亚语 切割者 (mpassqā)，阿拉伯语 muqaṭṭaʿ，或拉丁语 Intercisus；参见 Fiey, Saints syriaques, 107–8），首次以该名称见于记载是在 15 世纪 (Schmidt, 43)。

   • Refining Segment 4 (Names): “Sœur Agnès-Maria de la Croix”: 阿涅斯 - 玛丽亚·德·拉·克鲁瓦修女 (Sœur Agnès-Maria de la Croix). “Melkite-Catholic bp.”: 默基特天主教主教 (Melkite-Catholic bp.). “Ḥimṣ, Ḥama, Yabrud, and Qara”: 霍姆斯 (Ḥimṣ)、哈马 (Ḥama)、雅布鲁德 (Yabrud) 和卡拉 (Qara).

   • Refining Segment 6 (Scholars): I decided to keep scholar names in citations original to match “(Schmidt, 43)”. So “Schmidt and Westphalen (2005)”. Wait, checking the rule again: “Bibliographic citations → keep entirely in original language”. This covers “(Schmidt, 43)” and “Schmidt and Westphalen (2005)”. Okay, I will keep them original.

   • Reviewing “Dayr ʿAtiya”: 代尔阿提亚 (Dayr ʿAtiya).

   • Reviewing “National Museum of Damascus”: 大马士革国家博物馆.

   • Reviewing “female ascetics”: 女性苦修者.

   • Reviewing “monograph”: 专著.

4. Final Polish: Check flow and punctuation. Ensure all parentheses are balanced. Ensure italics are preserved where appropriate (though plain text output might not support italics, I will use Markdown *). Ensure no extra commentary.

   Text: 代尔马尔雅各布修道院 (Dayr Mar Yaʿqub) 奉献给东叙利亚 (E.-Syr.) 圣人雅各布 (Yaʿqub)“被切割者”（“被解剖者”，叙利亚语 切割者 (mpassqā)，阿拉伯语 muqaṭṭaʿ，或拉丁语 Intercisus；参见 Fiey, Saints syriaques, 107–8），首次以该名称见于记载是在 15 世纪 (Schmidt, 43)。然而，其主教堂很可能追溯至 11 世纪。在 18 世纪沦为废墟后，它被荒废了两个多世纪；其部分壁画被转移至大马士革国家博物馆以及附近的代尔阿提亚 (Dayr ʿAtiya) 博物馆。直到 20 世纪 90 年代，在阿涅斯 - 玛丽亚·德·拉·克鲁瓦修女 (Sœur Agnès-Maria de la Croix) 的领导下，修道院及其教堂才得以重建，并成为女性苦修者团体的家园，该团体隶属于霍姆斯 (Ḥimṣ)、哈马 (Ḥama)、雅布鲁德 (Yabrud) 和卡拉 (Qara) 的默基特天主教主教 (Melkite-Catholic bp.) 管辖。在此重建和修复项目的框架内，部分壁画被归还给修道院。与新发现的壁画一起，它们在施密特和韦斯特法伦 (Schmidt and Westphalen) (2005) 的一部专著中得到了研究。 Wait, I changed my mind on Schmidt/Westphalen. If I keep “(Schmidt, 43)” original, I should keep “Schmidt and Westphalen (2005)” original to be consistent with “Bibliographic citations → keep entirely in original language”. Translating them in the narrative but not in the parenthetical citation is inconsistent. I will keep them original in the last sentence too. Correction: “by Schmidt and Westphalen (2005)” -> “由 Schmidt 和 Westphalen (2005)”. Or just keep the phrase original? “in a monograph by Schmidt and Westphalen (2005)” -> “在 Schmidt 和 Westphalen (2005) 的一部专著中”. Let’s check the rule again: “Bibliographic citations → keep entirely in original language”. Does “by Schmidt and Westphalen (2005)” count as a bibliographic citation? Yes, it cites a work. I will keep the names original. Revised Last Sentence: 与新发现的壁画一起，它们在 Schmidt 和 Westphalen (2005) 的一部专著中得到了研究。 Wait, one more check on “Dayr Mar Yaʿqub”. “Dayr” is often translated as “修道院”. So “马尔雅各布修道院 (Dayr Mar Yaʿqub)” might be better than “代尔马尔雅各布修道院”. “Dayr” is part of the name. “Dayr Mar Yaʿqub” = “Monastery of Mar Ya’qub”. In Chinese, “圣雅各布修道院 (Dayr Mar Yaʿqub)” is very clear. But “Dayr” is often transliterated as “代尔” in place names (e.g., Dayr al-Zor). Given the instruction “place names → Chinese name + (English)”, I should provide a Chinese name. “圣雅各布修道院” is a translation. “代尔马尔雅各布” is a transliteration. I will use “代尔马尔雅各布修道院 (Dayr Mar Yaʿqub)” to combine both clarity and name retention. Actually, looking at similar academic translations: “Dayr Mar Musa” is often “马尔穆萨修道院”. “Dayr” is implied or translated. I will use “马尔雅各布修道院 (Dayr Mar Yaʿqub)”. “Dayr” means Monastery. “Mar” means Saint. So “圣雅各布修道院” is the meaning. But “Dayr Mar Yaʿqub” is the proper name. I will use “代尔马尔雅各布修道院 (Dayr Mar Yaʿqub)” to be safe on the “Place Name” rule (Transliteration + English). Wait, “Dayr” is Arabic/Syriac for Monastery. Transliterating it as “代尔” is standard in Chinese Sinology/Oriental Studies for place names. So “代尔马尔雅各布 (Dayr Mar Yaʿqub)” is the place name. Adding “修道院” explains it. I’ll write “代尔马尔雅各布修道院 (Dayr Mar Yaʿqub)”.

   One detail on “mpassqā”: The source has “mpassqā”. I should preserve italics. One detail on “Saints syriaques”: Italics preserved.

   Final check on “Schmidt and Westphalen”: I will translate the names to follow the “personal names” rule because “by Schmidt and Westphalen” is narrative text, whereas “(Schmidt, 43)” is a parenthetical citation. The rule “Bibliographic citations → keep entirely in original language” likely targets the parenthetical refs or bibliography lists. Narrative mentions of authors should follow the name rule. This distinguishes between “citation format” and “textual reference”. I will translate them to be consistent with “Sœur Agnès-Maria…”. Wait, if I translate them, it looks like: 施密特 (Schmidt) 和韦斯特法伦 (Westphalen). This is safer for the “ALWAYS translate proper nouns” rule. Okay, I will translate them.

   Final check on “bp.”: “主教 (bp.)”.

   Let’s assemble.

   代尔马尔雅各布修道院 (Dayr Mar Yaʿqub) 奉献给东叙利亚 (E.-Syr.) 圣人雅各布 (Yaʿqub)“被切割者”（“被解剖者”，叙利亚语 切割者 (mpassqā)，阿拉伯语 muqaṭṭaʿ，或拉丁语 Intercisus；参见 Fiey, Saints syriaques, 107–8），首次以该名称见于记载是在 15 世纪 (Schmidt, 43)。然而，其主教堂很可能追溯至 11 世纪。在 18 世纪沦为废墟后，它被荒废了两个多世纪；其部分壁画被转移至大马士革国家博物馆以及附近的代尔阿提亚 (Dayr ʿAtiya) 博物馆。直到 20 世纪 90 年代，在阿涅斯 - 玛丽亚·德·拉·克鲁瓦修女 (Sœur Agnès-Maria de la Croix) 的领导下，修道院及其教堂才得以重建，并成为女性苦修者团体的家园，该团体隶属于霍姆斯 (Ḥimṣ)、哈马 (Ḥama)、雅布鲁德 (Yabrud) 和卡拉 (Qara) 的默基特天主教主教 (Melkite-Catholic bp.) 管辖。在此重建和修复项目的框架内，部分壁画被归还给修道院。与新发现的壁画一起，它们在施密特 (Schmidt) 和韦斯特法伦 (Westphalen) (2005) 的一部专著中得到了研究。

   Wait, one last check on “Schmidt, 43”. This is a citation. I kept it original. “Schmidt and Westphalen (2005)” is also a citation reference. To be consistent, I should keep them original. If I translate one and not the other, it’s inconsistent. I will keep “Schmidt and Westphalen (2005)” original as well, treating it as a bibliographic reference within the text. This aligns with “Bibliographic citations → keep entirely in original language”. Revised Last Sentence: 与新发现的壁画一起，它们在 Schmidt 和 Westphalen (2005) 的一部专著中得到了研究。 Actually, “by Schmidt and Westphalen” is text. “Schmidt and Westphalen (2005)” is the reference. I will keep the names original.

   Wait, I need to check the “bp.” rule. “academic abbreviations → keep original in parentheses after Chinese equivalent”. So “主教 (bp.)”. Check “E.-Syr.”: “东叙利亚 (E.-Syr.)”.

   Final check on “mpassqā”: The source has “Syr. mpassqā”. I translated as “叙利亚语 切割者 (mpassqā)”. This follows “Chinese translation + transliterated original”.

   Ready.

<translated_text> 代尔马尔雅各布修道院 (Dayr Mar Yaʿqub) 奉献给东叙利亚 (E.-Syr.) 圣人雅各布 (Yaʿqub)“被切割者”（“被解剖者”，叙利亚语 切割者 (mpassqā)，阿拉伯语 muqaṭṭaʿ，或拉丁语 Intercisus；参见 Fiey, Saints syriaques, 107–8），首次以该名称见于记载是在 15 世纪 (Schmidt, 43)。然而，其主教堂很可能追溯至 11 世纪。在 18 世纪沦为废墟后，它被荒废了两个多世纪；其部分壁画被转移至大马士革国家博物馆以及附近的代尔阿提亚 (Dayr ʿAtiya) 博物馆。直到 20 世纪 90 年代，在阿涅斯 - 玛丽亚·德·拉·克鲁瓦修女 (Sœur Agnès-Maria de la Croix) 的领导下，修道院及其教堂才得以重建，并成为女性苦修者团体的家园，该团体隶属于霍姆斯 (Ḥimṣ)、哈马 (Ḥama)、雅布鲁德 (Yabrud) 和卡拉 (Qara) 的默基特天主教主教 (Melkite-Catholic bp.) 管辖。在此重建和修复项目的框架内，部分壁画被归还给修道院。与新发现的壁画一起，它们在 Schmidt 和 Westphalen (2005) 的一部专著中得到了研究。

该修道院的教堂结构独特，由上层教堂和下层教堂组成，共享同一后殿结构。因此，存在两个平行的装饰层，且每一层均装饰过两次：首次在 11 世纪 (11th cent.)，再次在 13 世纪 (13th cent.)（1266 年之前）。各种图像程序仅能非常不完全地得以复原。在最早的绘画中，有一排登宝座的使徒（上层后殿）和基督生平场景（下层教堂的中殿，可能出自另一位艺术家之手）。至于 13 世纪 (13th-cent.) 层，下层后殿中存有大型代祷图 (Deisis) 构图的遗迹。此外，两个后殿均有一排主教 (bp.) 或教父的图像。虽然受损严重，仍有少数图像显示铭文，其名字用希腊文和叙利亚文（Esṭrangela 体，从上到下书写）写成。独立于绘画之外，书写于第一层灰泥之上的是两篇精心抄写的祈祷文，一篇为叙利亚文 (Schmidt, 151–2)，另一篇为希腊文。

除了对艺术史研究的重要意义，以及作为卡拉蒙山脉 (Qalamun mountains) 基督教文化持续存在的见证之外，卡拉 (Qara) 的绘画与铭文还提供了关于默基特人 (Melkites) 使用叙利亚语 (Syriac) 的宝贵信息。

参见图 101 和 102。