Yuḥanon of the Sedre
Yuḥanon of the Sedre
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Yuḥanon of the Sedre (d. 648) [Syr. Orth.]
塞德雷的约哈南 (Yuḥanon of the Sedre)（卒于 648 年）[叙利亚正教 (Syr. Orth.)]
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Patriarch who is said to have disputed with a Muslim emir.
据传曾与一位穆斯林埃米尔辩论的宗主教。
Former monk of the Monastery of Eusebona, he became the synkellos (secretary) of Patr. Athanasios I Gamolo , whom he succeeded in 630/1. As patr. he is especially known for his conversations with a Muslim Emir, probably ʿUmayr b. Saʿd b. ʿUbayd, which took place in 644. The Syriac report of this encounter by his secretary is preserved in a single ms. written in 874. There are a number of elements in the text, especially a discussion on inheritance law, which suggest that the original report was reworked by later redactors, possibly in the 8th or even the 9th cent.
曾是尤塞博纳修道院 (Monastery of Eusebona) 的修士，他成为牧首 (Patr.) 阿塔纳修斯一世·加莫洛 (Athanasios I Gamolo) 的秘书 (synkellos)，并于 630/1 年继任其职位。作为牧首 (Patr.)，他尤其因与一位穆斯林埃米尔 (Emir)（可能是乌迈尔·本·萨德·本·乌拜德 (ʿUmayr b. Saʿd b. ʿUbayd)）的对话而闻名，对话发生于 644 年。其秘书撰写的关于此次会晤的叙利亚文报告保存于唯一一份写于 874 年的手稿 (ms.) 中。文本中有许多元素，尤其是关于继承法的讨论，表明原始报告曾被后来的编修者修订过，可能是在 8 世纪 (cent.) 甚至 9 世纪 (cent.)。
According to the Chronicle of Dionysios of Tel Maḥre , preserved in the work of Michael Rabo , Yuḥanon III (Yuḥanon I, if one does not follow the W.-Syr. computation of the patriarchal lists) would have been responsible for the supervision of the translation of the Gospel from Syriac into Arabic (not preserved). He composed a letter to Marutha on the persecution of the Miaphisite Christians in Persia by Barṣawma of Nisibis (preserved in Michael’s Chronicle). His other writings comprise: a pleropuryā (apologetic treatise) on the aphthartodocetic doctrines of Julian of Halicarnassus ; another on Christology with strongly worded condemnations of the ‘Nestorians’ and the Chalcedonians; a homily on the consecration of the Holy Myron (and, according to the Chronicle of Siirt , ch. 110 [PO 13.4, 634]; the text itself of the consecration of the Myron as well as of the Blessing of the Water at Epiphany); a number of sedre, prayers of intercession arranged in a specific order (sedrā) — which gave him his name d-sedre ‘of the sedre’ — for different occasions; and possibly an Anaphora.
根据《泰勒马赫雷的狄奥尼修斯编年史》(Chronicle of Dionysios of Tel Maḥre)，该编年史保存于米海尔·拉博（Michael Rabo）的著作中，尤哈农三世（Yuḥanon III）（若不遵循西叙利亚（W.-Syr.）宗主教名单的计算方式，则为尤哈农一世（Yuḥanon I））应负责监督福音书从叙利亚语译为阿拉伯语的工作（译本未存世）。他写给马鲁塔（Marutha）一封关于尼西比斯的巴尔绍马（Barṣawma of Nisibis）在波斯（Persia）迫害一性论派基督徒（Miaphisite Christians）的信（保存于《米海尔编年史》(Michael’s Chronicle) 中）。他的其他著作包括：一部关于哈利卡纳苏斯的朱利安（Julian of Halicarnassus）阿夫塔托多塞特教义（aphthartodocetic doctrines）的护教论著（普勒罗普利亚，pleropuryā）；另一部关于基督论（Christology）的著作，其中包含对“聂斯托利派”(‘Nestorians’) 和迦克墩派（Chalcedonians）措辞严厉的谴责；一篇关于圣油（Holy Myron）祝圣的讲道词（且根据《锡尔特编年史》(Chronicle of Siirt) 第 110 章 [PO 13.4, 634] 记载，还包括圣油祝圣文本本身以及主显节祝水礼（Blessing of the Water at Epiphany））；若干首塞德雷（代祷文，sedre），即按特定顺序（塞德拉，sedrā）排列的代祷文——这赋予了他“塞德雷的”（d-sedre）之名——用于不同场合；以及可能的一部阿纳福拉（Anaphora）。
References
Baumstark, Literatur, 243–5.
J. Martikainen, Johannes I. Sedra. Einleitung, syrische Texte, Übersetzung und vollständiges Wörterverzeichnis (GOFS 34; 1991).
F. Nau, ‘Un colloque du patriarche Jean avec l’émir des Agaréens et faits divers des années 712 à 716’, JA 11.5 (1915), 225–79.
M. Penn, ‘John and the Emir. A new introduction, edition, and translation’, LM 121 (2008), 65–91.
G. J. Reinink, ‘The beginnings of Syriac apologetic literature in response to Islam’, OC 77 (1993), 165–87.
B. Roggema, ‘The Debate between Patriarch John and an emir of the Mhaggrāyē: A Reconsideration of the earliest Christian-Muslim Debate’, in Christlich-muslimische Gespräche im mittelalterlichen Orient, ed. M. Tamcke (BTS 117; 2007), 21–39.
eadem, ‘The Disputation of John and the Emir’, in Christian-Muslim relations, ed. Thomas and Roggema, 782–5.
A. M. Saadi, ‘The letter of John of Sedreh. A new perspective on nascent Islam’, JAAS 11 (1997), 68–84.
Citation
Herman G. B. Teule. 2011. “Yuḥanon of the Sedre.” In Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage. Beth Mardutho. https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yuhanon-of-the-Sedre.