Bibliography

Overview of attempts at collecting and systematizing knowledge about Syriac Christian authors and their writings, from 13th cent. compilations to contemporary printed and online resources.

The earliest attempts at collecting and systematizing knowledge about Syriac Christian authors and their writings can be traced back to the Syrians themselves. One might refer to the ‘Catalogue of Books’ by ʿAbdishoʿ bar Brikha (d. 1318), a poem listing all Syriac authors known to him and their writings. An annotated edition of the ‘Catalogue’ was an important component in J. S. Assemani ’s Bibliotheca Orientalis (1719–28), which marks the transition between pre-modern and modern scholarship. Ample references to 19th- and early 20th-cent. publications on Syriac authors can be found in A. Baumstark ’s Geschichte der syrischen Literatur (1921), while the first six decades of the 20th cent. are covered in I. Ortiz de Urbina’s Patrologia Syriaca (2nd ed. 1965). Both of these works provide a narrative, albeit fragmented, history of Syriac literature and are not primarily designed as bibliographical tools. C. Moss’ Catalogue of Syriac books and related literature in the British Museum (1962), on the other hand, is a pure bibliography. Though limited to the holdings of one institution, it provides a very useful key to Syriac scholarship. Ancient and modern authors are listed indiscriminately in alphabetical order, and some broader topics (e.g., ‘Bible’, ‘Liturgies’) are included as well. This approach necessitated a great number of cross-references and, in addition, the user has to go back and forth between the main part (col. 2–1174) and the ‘Addenda’ (col. 1–206). Where Moss left off (1960), S. P. Brock picked up with a series of installments of his ‘Syriac studies: a classified bibliography’, published in Parole de l’Orient. Organized around the names of ancient authors and themes, each installment originally covered a ten year span, but since 1980 the bibliography has appeared in five-year increments. Four installments, altogether covering the years 1960–1990, were integrated into one book form publication (Brock 1996). Three more installments have since appeared: 1991–95 in ParOr 23 (1998), 1996–2000 in ParOr 29 (2004), and 2001–2005 in ParOr 33 (2008). Brock also publishes an annual list of new books on Syriac topics in the winter issue of * Hugoye *, but in contrast to the ParOr bibliographies, this does not include papers in journals or individual chapters in books. Selective bibliographies, aimed at beginning scholars, can be found in Brock’s Introduction to Syriac studies (most recently 2006) and in M. Albert’s ‘Langue et littérature syriaque’ (1993).

In addition to the general bibliographies mentioned so far (of either the exhaustive or the selective type), there exist a number of specialized bibliographies. Brock’s contribution to Muraoka’s Syriac grammar (1997 and 2005) covers grammatical studies. In the field of Syriac literature, the absence of a fully updated version of Baumstark is compensated to a certain extent by Brock’s Brief Outline of Syriac Literature (1997), which contains many bibliographical references. In addition, there are bibliographies dealing with one author, such as the very exhaustive bibliographies on Ephrem (Den Biesen 2002) and Bar ʿEbroyo (Takahashi 2005), or the more limited ones on Yaʿqub of Serug (Alwan 1986), Isḥaq of Antioch (Mathews 2002 and 2003), and Yaʿqub of Edessa (Kruisheer 2008). Other bibliographies are devoted to the OT Peshitta (Dirksen 1989 and 1995, since 1999 regularly updated in the Journal for the Aramaic Bible, and since 2003 in Aramaic Studies), liturgy (Sauget 1962 and Yousif 1990), Syriac sources on early Islam (Penn 2003 — to be used alongside Hoyland, Seeing Islam, and Thomas and Roggema, Christian-Muslim relations, vol. 1. 600–900 [2009]), inscriptions (Brock 1978 and Desreumaux 1980), and Neo-Syriac (see Sureth), as part of the broader field of Neo-Aramaic (Krotkoff 1990 and Younansardaroud 2003). A bibliography of Syriac mystical literature is forthcoming (Pinggéra and Kessel). Fiey’s posthumously published Saints syriaques (2004) provides an introduction to Syriac hagiography and present-day hagiographical studies. A very useful survey of holdings of Syriac manuscripts world-wide is available in Desreumaux’s Répertoire des manuscrits syriaques (1991).

While the focus of scholarly monographs is obviously on the topic they study, they often provide very useful windows into segments of contemporary scholarship. Examples are R. Macuch’s 1976 book on later Syriac literature (as a sequel to Baumstark) and J. F. Coakley’s 2006 study of Syriac typography. Where Syriac is not the primary language, such as is the case for a number of apocryphal texts and for Syriac translations of Greek patristic works, the existing bibliographical tools by Geerard (1974–2003 and 1992) and Haelewyck (1998) are very helpful. Similalrly, the Christian Arabic bibliographies by Teule and Schepens (2005 and 2006) contain many items relevant to Syriac studies.

Along with the main periodicals in the field, collective works organized around one specific theme or field often give a convenient overview of the state of the art and provide bibliographical references. The successive volumes published in the collection ‘Études syriaques’ may be singled out as examples. They deal with inscriptions (no. 1), apocrypha (2), liturgies (3), the Greek Fathers (4), and the OT (5). Several contributions to the volume ‘Nos sources’ (Atallah 2005) include bibliographical details as well. Bibliographies of individual scholars often are found in Festschrifts or memorial volumes, or are part of obituaries; references to such bibliographies are included in the section ‘Bibliography’ of Brock’s bibliographies.

In recent years a number of on-line databases have started to provide access to important resources and search tools. The following sites may be singled out:

Assyrian Academic Society: http://www.aas.net/

ATLA Religion Database:

www.atla.com

Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon:

http://cal1.cn.huc.edu/

Syriac Orthodox Resources: http://sor.cua.edu/