Galen
Galen
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Galen (d. ca. 199)
盖伦 (Galen)（约卒于 199 年）
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Influential Greek writer on medicine.
有影响力的希腊医学著述家。
Influential Greek writer on medicine from Pergamum. A short biographical note concerning him is given by Bar ʿEbroyo (Chronicon Syriacum, ed. Bedjan, 53–4). His medical writings, together with his doctrine of the four humors, proved to be extremely influential and came to dominate medical thinking in both East and West for well over a thousand years. Numerous works of his were translated into Syriac, and an invaluable listing of these and their translators is preserved in Ḥunayn b. Isḥāq ’s Risāla, concerning his own translations of works by Galen. Sergios of Reshʿayna is the earliest of the translators who are mentioned. Only a few of the many Syriac translations survive (including some of those by Sergios); these are either in early mss., or incorporated into a large compendium (ed. Budge; the identification of passages by Galen was subsequently made by Schleifer).
来自帕加马 (Pergamum) 的具有影响力的希腊 (Greek) 医学作家。巴尔·埃布鲁约 (Bar ʿEbroyo) 在其《叙利亚编年史》(Chronicon Syriacum, 编辑 (ed.) 贝德扬 (Bedjan), 53–4) 中提供了一篇关于他的简短传记注释。他的医学著作连同他的四体液说 (doctrine of the four humors) 被证明极具影响力，并在超过一千年的时间里主导了东方与西方的医学思想。他的许多作品被翻译成叙利亚语 (Syriac)，其中一份关于这些作品及其译者的珍贵名录保存在侯奈因·本·易司哈格 (Ḥunayn b. Isḥāq) 的《书信》(Risāla) 中，该书信涉及他自己对盖伦 (Galen) 作品的翻译。莱什艾因的塞尔吉奥斯 (Sergios of Reshʿayna) 是被提及的译家中最早的一位。众多叙利亚语 (Syriac) 译本中仅有少数幸存（包括塞尔吉奥斯 (Sergios) 的一些译本）；这些要么存在于早期手稿 (mss.) 中，要么被收录进一部大型汇编中（编辑 (ed.) 巴奇 (Budge)；盖伦 (Galen) 段落的鉴定随后由施莱弗 (Schleifer) 完成）。
References
E. A. W. Budge, The Syriac Book of Medicines (2 vols.; 1913).
A. Merx, ‘Proben der syrischen Übersetzung von Galenus’ Schrift über die einfachen Heilmittel’, ZDMG 39 (1885), 237–305.
G. Bergsträsser, Hunain ibn Ishaq. Über die syrischen und arabischen Galen-Übersetzungen (1925).
R. Degen, ‘Galen im Syrischen: Eine Übersicht über die syrische Überlieferung der Werke Galens’, in Galen: Problems and Prospects, ed. V. Nutton (1981), 131–66.
M. Meyerhof, ‘Les versions syriaques et arabes des écrits galéniques’, Byzantion 3 (1927), 33–51.
J. Schleifer, ‘Zum syrischen Medizinbuch’, Zeitschrift für Semitistik und verwandte Gebiete 4 (1926), 70–122, 161–95; 5 (1927), 195–237; 6 (1928), 154–77, 275–99.
, ‘Zum syrischen Medizinbuch. II. Der therapeutische Teil’, RSO 18 (1940), 341–72; 20 (1942/3), 1–32, 162–210, 383–98; 21(1946), 157–82.
O. Temkin, Galenism (1973). (for the wider background)
Citation
Sebastian P. Brock. 2011. “Galen.” In Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage. Beth Mardutho. https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Galen.