Ishoʿ of Merv
Ishoʿ of Merv
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Ishoʿ of Merv (9th cent.) [Ch. of E.]
梅尔万的伊肖 (Ishoʿ of Merv)（9 世纪）[东方教会 (Ch. of E.)]
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Author of a Syriac lexicon.
叙利亚语 (Syriac) 词典作者。
Author of a Syriac Lexicon. From his nisba it is known that he was from Merv, an important city in the Abbasid period located on the lower course of the Murghab river in the northeast fringes of Persia. That he is the author of a Lexicon can be established from the preface to the Lexicon of Ishoʿ bar ʿAli (second half of the 9th cent.). According to Bar ʿAli’s patron, Abraham, the Lexicon of Ishoʿ of Merv was ‘composed irregularly and without order’ (lā mṭakksāʾit wa-lbar men sedrā ʿbid). The definitions given by Ishoʿ of Merv are also said to differ at times from those in the Lexicon of Ḥunayn b. Isḥāq (d. 873). Despite this somewhat negative evaluation, Bar ʿAli made use of the Lexicon of Ishoʿ of Merv, along with that of Ḥunayn, when compiling his own Lexicon.
一部叙利亚语词典 (Syriac Lexicon) 的作者。从其尼斯巴 (nisba) 可知，他来自梅尔万 (Merv)，这是阿拔斯王朝时期 (Abbasid period) 的一座重要城市，位于波斯 (Persia) 东北边缘的穆尔加布河 (Murghab river) 下游。他是词典作者这一点，可以从伊肖·巴尔·阿利 (Ishoʿ bar ʿAli)（9 世纪后半叶 (second half of the 9th cent.)）的《词典》(Lexicon) 序言中得到证实。据巴尔·阿利 (Bar ʿAli) 的赞助人亚伯拉罕 (Abraham) 称，梅尔万的伊肖 (Ishoʿ of Merv) 的《词典》(Lexicon)“编排不规则且无序”（lā mṭakksāʾit wa-lbar men sedrā ʿbid）。据说梅尔万的伊肖 (Ishoʿ of Merv) 给出的定义有时也与侯奈因·本·易司哈格 (Ḥunayn b. Isḥāq)（卒于 873 年 (d. 873)）的《词典》(Lexicon) 中的定义不同。尽管评价略显负面，巴尔·阿利 (Bar ʿAli) 在编纂自己的《词典》(Lexicon) 时，仍与侯奈因 (Ḥunayn) 的《词典》(Lexicon) 一起参考了梅尔万的伊肖 (Ishoʿ of Merv) 的《词典》(Lexicon)。
According to R. Duval, Ishoʿ of Merv is to be identified with Zekarya of Merv, who is often cited in the Lexicon of Ḥasan Bar Bahlul (mid-10th cent.). Bar Bahlul, however, never explicitly identifies Zekarya of Merv with Ishoʿ of Merv. In addition, in one instance, Bar Bahlul cites Ishoʿ of Merv by name (Duval, 835.14). Thus, without further evidence, it seems best to assume that Ishoʿ of Merv and Zekarya of Merv are two distinct individuals (so also Baumstark).
根据 R. 杜瓦尔（R. Duval），梅尔的伊肖ʿ（Ishoʿ of Merv）应与梅尔的泽卡里亚（Zekarya of Merv）视为同一人，后者常被引用在《哈桑·巴尔·巴赫卢尔词典》（Lexicon of Ḥasan Bar Bahlul）（10 世纪中叶（mid-10th cent.））中。然而，巴尔·巴赫卢尔（Bar Bahlul）从未明确将梅尔的泽卡里亚（Zekarya of Merv）与梅尔的伊肖ʿ（Ishoʿ of Merv）视为同一人。此外，在一次实例中，巴尔·巴赫卢尔（Bar Bahlul）直接引用了梅尔的伊肖ʿ（Ishoʿ of Merv）的名字（Duval, 835.14）。因此，在没有进一步证据的情况下，最好假设梅尔的伊肖ʿ（Ishoʿ of Merv）和梅尔的泽卡里亚（Zekarya of Merv）是两位不同的人物（鲍姆施塔克（Baumstark）亦持此观点）。
A lexicographer from Merv is also mentioned in the ‘Catalogue’ of ʿAbdishoʿ (Assemani, BibOr, vol. 3, 257–58), but it is unclear whether this person is to be identified with Ishoʿ of Merv or Zekarya of Merv.
一位来自梅尔万 (Merv) 的词典编纂者亦见于阿卜迪索 (ʿAbdishoʿ) 的《目录》(Catalogue) (Assemani, BibOr, vol. 3, 257–58)，但目前尚不清楚此人是否应等同于梅尔万的伊肖 (Ishoʿ of Merv) 或梅尔万的泽卡里亚 (Zekarya of Merv)。
References
R. Duval, Lexicon Syriacum auctore Hassano bar Bahlule (3 vols.; 1888–1901, repr. 1970).
G. Hoffmann, Syrisch-Arabische Glossen. Autographie einer gothaischen Handschrift enthaltend Bar Ali’s Lexikon von Alaf bis Mim (1874), 1–5. (contains the Syr. text of the Preface of Ishoʿ Bar ʿAli’s Lexicon in which Ishoʿ of Merv is mentioned)
Baumstark, Literatur, 241–2.
Duval, La littérature syriaque, 297.
W. Gesenius, De Bar Alio et Bar Bahlulo, lexicographis Syro-Arabicis ineditis, commentatio litteraria philologica, vol. 1 (1834), 8–9.
Wright, Short History of Syriac Literature, 215.
Citation
Aaron M. Butts. 2011. “Ishoʿ of Merv.” In Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage. Beth Mardutho. https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Isho-of-Merv.