Yaʿqub bar Shakko
Yaʿqub bar Shakko
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Yaʿqub bar Shakko (d. 1241) [Syr. Orth.]
雅各·巴尔·沙科 (Yaʿqub bar Shakko) (1241 年卒) [叙利亚正教会 (Syr. Orth.)]
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Bp. of Dayro d-Mor Matay and learned author.
圣马太修道院 (Dayro d-Mor Matay) 主教 (Bp.) 兼博学的作者。
Bp. of Dayro d-Mor Matay and learned author. Born in Barṭelle , his baptismal name was probably Yaʿqub. He studied grammar under Yoḥannan bar Zoʿbi in the famous E.-Syr. monastery of Beth Qoqe (in Adiabene ), and philosophy under Kāmāl al-Dīn Mūsā b. Yūnus at Mosul . He was first a monk and subsequently abbot and bp. of the Dayro d-Mor Matay, with the episcopal name Severos (according to Schrier, however, Severos was his baptismal name and Yaʿqub his episcopal one, but this would seem surprising). His surviving writings consist of 1. ‘The Book of Treasures’, a theological compendium in four parts, composed in 1231; this covers the Trinity, the Incarnation, Divine Providence, and the Creation; 2. ‘The Book of Dialogues’, in two Books, the first of which covers grammar, rhetoric, poetry, and eloquence (on the richness of the Syriac language), while the second deals with philosophical topics, divided into two parts, the first covering logic and syllogisms, the second with sections on definitions, ethics, physics and physiology, mathematics and music, and metaphysics; 3. two verse letters addressed to physicians; and perhaps 4. a symbol of faith. He also wrote some other works, now lost; these included a commentary on the liturgical services.
圣马太修道院 (Dayro d-Mor Matay) 主教 (bp.) 及博学者。生于巴尔特莱 (Barṭelle)，其洗礼名可能为雅各布 (Yaʿqub)。他曾于阿迪阿贝内 (Adiabene) 著名的东方叙利亚 (E.-Syr.) 贝特·科克 (Beth Qoqe) 修道院师从约哈南·巴尔·佐比 (Yoḥannan bar Zoʿbi) 学习语法，并于摩苏尔 (Mosul) 师从卡迈勒·丁·穆萨·本·尤努斯 (Kāmāl al-Dīn Mūsā b. Yūnus) 学习哲学。他起初为修士，后任圣马太修道院 (Dayro d-Mor Matay) 院长及主教 (bp.)，主教 (bp.) 名为塞维鲁斯 (Severos)（然而据施里尔 (Schrier) 称，塞维鲁斯 (Severos) 是其洗礼名，而雅各布 (Yaʿqub) 是其主教 (bp.) 名，但这似乎令人惊讶）。其现存著作包括：1. 《宝藏书》(The Book of Treasures)，一部神学汇编，共分四部分，作于 1231 年；内容涵盖三位一体、道成肉身、神圣护理及创造；2. 《对话书》(The Book of Dialogues)，共分两卷，第一卷涵盖语法、修辞、诗歌及雄辩（论叙利亚语之丰富性），第二卷探讨哲学主题，分为两部分，第一部分涉及逻辑与三段论，第二部分包含定义、伦理学、物理学与生理学、数学与音乐及形而上学等章节；3. 两封致医生的诗体书信；以及可能的 4. 一部信经。他还撰写了其他一些著作，现已失传；其中包括一部礼仪服务注释。
References
G. Furlani, ‘La Logica nei Dialoghi di Severos bar Shakko’, Atti del Reale Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti 86.2 (1927), 289–348. (IT of Book of Dialogues, Book II, Part 1).
J. P. P. Martin, De la métrique chez les Syriens (Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft, Abhandlungen 7:2; 1879). (Book of Dialogues, Book I, On poetry)
A. Merx, Historia artis grammaticae apud Syros (1889), 2*–48*. (Book of Dialogues, Book I, On grammar)
J. Ruska, Das Quadrivium aus Severus Bar Shakku’s Dialoge (Ph.D. diss, Leipzig; 1896). (Book of Dialogues, Book II, Part 2)
M. Sprengling, ‘Severus bar Shakko’s Poetics, Part II’, AJSLL 32 (1915/6), 293–308. (Book of Dialogues, Book I, On poetry)
C. A. Havard, ‘Jacob bar Shakko, on the faculties of the soul’, in SymSyr VI, 259–68.
A. Merx, Historia artis grammaticae apud Syros (1889), 209–29.
F. Nau, ‘Notice sur le Livre des Trésors de Jacques de Bartela’, JA 9.7 (1896), 286–331. (resumé of Part 4).
J. Ruska, ‘Studien zu Severus bar Shakku’s “Buch der Dialoge”’, ZA 12 (1897), 8–41, 145–61.
O. Schrier, ‘The name and function of Jacob bar Shakko’, in SymSyr V, 215–28.
H. Teule, ‘Jacob bar Shakko, the Book of Treasures, and the Syrian Renaissance’, in Eastern Crossroads. Essays on Medieval Christian legacy, ed. J. P. Montferrar Sala (2007), 143–54.
Citation
Sebastian P. Brock. 2011. “Yaʿqub bar Shakko.” In Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage. Beth Mardutho. https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yaqub-bar-Shakko.